Table of Contents Overview of Learning The Learning Process How to Learn Faster Neuroplasticity of the Brain Practical Tips & Techniques Conclusion Overview of Learning Learning is the process of acquiring new knowledge, skills, or behaviors through study, experience, or teaching. It involves encoding information, storage, and retrieval. The Learning Process Attention: Focusing cognitive resources…
Factors Affecting the Rate of Enzymes Table of Contents Overview of Enzyme Rate Effect of Temperature Effect of pH Substrate Concentration Enzyme Concentration Inhibitors Activators & Cofactors Overview of Enzyme Rate The rate of an enzyme‑catalyzed reaction depends on how fast substrate molecules are converted to product. Key parameters include: Activation energy lowering by the…
Chapter Enzymes | Lock & Key Model – Induced Fit Model Table of Contents What Are Enzymes? Lock & Key Model Induced Fit Model Comparison of Models Biological Significance What Are Enzymes? Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy, while remaining unchanged themselves. Lock & Key Model Concept:…
Chapter Enzymes – Characteristics of Enzymes – Mechanism of Enzyme Action Table of Contents What Are Enzymes? Characteristics of Enzymes Enzyme Classification Enzyme Kinetics Mechanism of Enzyme Action Models of Enzyme Action Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity What Are Enzymes? Enzymes are biological catalysts—typically proteins—that accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed. They lower…
Kidney as Homeostatic Organ Table of Contents What Is Homeostasis? Kidney Overview Fluid & Electrolyte Balance Acid–Base Regulation Blood Pressure Control (RAAS) Waste Excretion & Detoxification Endocrine Functions What Is Homeostasis? Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment through dynamic regulatory processes. Key components include: Set Points: Desired values for variables (e.g., plasma…
Table of Contents What Is Homeostasis? Skin as a Homeostatic Organ Temperature Regulation Fluid & Electrolyte Balance Barrier & Immune Function Sensory Feedback & Repair Clinical Significance What Is Homeostasis? Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes externally and internally. Key elements include: Set Point: The ideal…
; Table of Contents Overview of Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin B Complex Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Overview of Vitamins Vitamins are organic micronutrients required in small amounts for growth, metabolism, and maintenance of health. They fall into two categories: Fat-soluble: A, D, E, K (stored in body fat) Water-soluble: C and…
Chapter Nutrition – What Are Proteins? Foods & Uses Table of Contents Definition of Proteins Structure & Building Blocks Key Functions in the Body Dietary Food Sources Daily Intake Recommendations Conclusion Definition of Proteins Proteins are large biomolecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids. They perform a vast array of functions…
Table of Contents Introduction Definition of Carbohydrates Classification Physiological Uses Dietary Food Sources Conclusion Introduction Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrients essential for human health, alongside proteins and fats. They serve as the body’s primary energy source and play key roles in metabolism and cellular structure. Definition of Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed…
Table of Contents Introduction Occurrence & Extraction Physical Properties Chemical Properties Oxidation States Important Reactions Applications Conclusion Introduction Iron (Fe), atomic number 26, is the most abundant transition metal in Earth’s crust and a cornerstone of metallurgy and biochemistry. Its versatile oxidation states and magnetic properties make it critical in industry, materials, and life processes….
